Data losses inherent in all information transfer from more precise systems to less precise systems are also argued to make it impossible for any imprecise system to use a more precise system as an "emissary", as a less precise system would not be able to tell whether the outdata from the more precise system was in the interest of the less precise system or not. The claim that precise recognition exists as specific attention to some details in a modular mind is criticized both with regard to data loss as a small system of disambiguating synapses in a module physically cannot make as precise distinctions as a bigger synaptic system encompassing the whole brain, and for energy loss as having one system for motivation that needs some built-in cognition to recognize anything anyway and another cognitive system for making strategies would cost more energy than integrating it all in one system that use the same synapses. More generally, it is argued that since it is not possible to attach an emotional response to stimuli that cannot be recognized, emotions cannot exist independently of cognition that can recognize.
One such criticism is about recognition paradoxes, one example of which is that an entity that cannot distinguish a spider from a non-spider cannot be arachnophobic. While it has been traditionally assumed that sentience and sapience are, in principle, independent of each other, there are criticisms of that assumption. Recognition paradox and relation to sapience affective consciousness ĭavid Chalmers argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for phenomenal consciousness, the capacity to have any subjective experience at all, but sometimes refers to the narrower concept of affective consciousness, the capacity to experience subjective states that have affective valence (i.e., a positive or negative character), such as pain and pleasure. Accordingly, only organisms that possess these substrates, all within the animal kingdom, are said to be conscious. Regarding animal consciousness, according to the Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness, which was publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, consciousness is that which requires specialized neural structures, chiefly neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates, which manifests in more complex organisms as the central nervous system, to exhibit consciousness. Other philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett, argue that qualia are not a meaningful concept. Some philosophers, notably Colin McGinn, believe that the physical process causing consciousness to happen will never be understood, a position known as " new mysterianism." They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained. Consciousness Īccording to Thomas Nagel in his paper " What Is It Like to Be a Bat?", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, " qualia"-in other words, the ability to have states that it feels like something to be in. These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.
#Sentience animals plus#
According to Antonio Damasio, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the mind and consciousness, such as creativity, intelligence, sapience, self-awareness, and intentionality (the ability to have thoughts about something). In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between consciousness and sentience. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as qualia in Western philosophy. Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to perceive emotions, such as fear or grief.
In science fiction, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with " sapience", " self-awareness", or " consciousness". In different Asian religions, the word 'sentience' has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations. The word was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin sentientem (a feeling), to distinguish it from the ability to think ( reason). Sentience is the capacity of a being to experience feelings and sensations. A cat in an affectionate frame of mind, by T.
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